Lagoa do Caiado is the largest lagoon on Pico Island, covering an area of approximately 5 hectares, and its hydrographic basin, spanning around 19 hectares, is situated at an average altitude of 821.8 meters.
The ecological condition of the lagoon is remarkable, largely due to the fact that, since 1993, the lagoon’s water has been sourced for public supply by the São Roque do Pico Municipality. As a result, there has been no agricultural or livestock activities in the hydrographic basin since that year. Instead, the area is predominantly occupied by forested spaces.